Chapter 5: Sequences and Number Patterns
Sequences and Number Patterns
Move from spotting patterns to explaining rules and predicting future terms.
AI teacher
Start the short explanation, then use the visual model and practice before returning to the workbook.
Voice: Browser voice
Workbook pages
Junior Maths Book 1 pages 69-76
Generate, describe and extend arithmetic and simple geometric patterns.
AI explanation
The AI teacher shows sequences as repeated operations. Arithmetic sequences use a constant difference; geometric sequences use a constant multiplier.
- 1Look at the change from one term to the next.
- 2A constant difference suggests an arithmetic sequence.
- 3A constant multiplier suggests a geometric sequence.
- 4A rule should work for every term, not just the first few.
Animated teaching
See the method
Term cards move through add and multiply machines, then a table connects term number to term value.
Rule first
Students should name the rule before predicting the next term.
Why this method works
- A sequence rule describes a repeated structure.
- The common difference is connected to linear growth.
- A multiplier creates repeated scaling rather than repeated addition.
Common mistakes
- Guessing the next term without finding the rule.
- Using addition for a geometric pattern.
- Finding a rule that works once but not for all terms.
- Forgetting that a sequence can decrease.
Multiple methods
- You can describe sequences in words, tables, function machines or term-to-term rules.
- Arithmetic sequences can be extended by common difference or by a position-to-term rule.
- Geometric sequences can be checked by division between consecutive terms.
Worked examples
Arithmetic sequence
Find the next two terms: 7, 12, 17, 22, ...
Method: Find the common difference.
- 1.12 - 7 = 5.
- 2.17 - 12 = 5.
- 3.The rule is add 5.
- 4.22 + 5 = 27 and 27 + 5 = 32.
Answer: 27, 32
Geometric pattern
Find the next term: 3, 6, 12, 24, ...
Method: Find the multiplier.
- 1.6 divided by 3 = 2.
- 2.12 divided by 6 = 2.
- 3.The rule is multiply by 2.
- 4.24 x 2 = 48.
Answer: 48
Interactive practice
Try before you look
Question 1
What is the next term? 4, 11, 18, 25, ...
Question 2
What is the rule? 81, 27, 9, 3, ...
Question 3
For the rule 5n + 2, what is the 4th term?
Review prompt
Explain how you decide whether a sequence is arithmetic or geometric.
Write a two-sentence answer in your notebook before marking the workbook section complete.
Challenge question
A sequence begins 2, 5, 10, 17, 26. The differences are 3, 5, 7, 9. Predict the next term and explain your reasoning.
Hint: Look at the pattern in the differences.